Communication in Physical Sciences

Joint Inversion of Direct Current and Electromagnetic Soundings

Henry Ekene Ohaegbuchu , Boniface Ikechukwu Ijeh , Marry Ihechiluru. Ojiaku — Wed, 15 Mar 2023 00:00:00 -0400

Communication in Physical Sciences, 2023, 9(1):34-41

Authors: Henry Ekene Ohaegbuchu, Boniface Ikechukwu Ijeh and Marry Ihechiluru. Ojiaku

Received: 14 September 2022/Accepted 11 March 2023

It was necessary to first build equivalent synthetic datasets to concurrently invert direct current (DC) and frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) soundings. Declaring the initial number of subsurface layers, the spacing between the AB/2 and MN/2 electrodes, the range of acceptable frequencies, and the coil spacing employed to achieve this. Therefore, using these characteristics, we were able to create DC resistivity and FDEM data that resemble the actual field data that was previously obtained by traditional geophysical surveys. The DC and FDEM datasets were each given 3% and 1% of Gaussian white noise, with regularization strengths of 500 and 300, respectively. Across a homogeneous half-space with three layers and a thickness of 15 m, this was defined. We started a model transformation after creating the synthetic data, which turned the data into logarithms with upper and lower bounds. The DC and FDEM datasets were then independently inverted for comparison with their joint inversion. A combined forward operator was subsequently developed that takes into account the unique characteristics of the various geophysical datasets. By integrating the datasets, transformations, and related errors, we were able to invert the DC and FDEM jointly using the joint forward operator. When the combined inversion's results were shown side by side with the results from the separate inversions, it was found that the joint inversion offered a more accurate picture of the subsurface (model) as the computational errors were much less than that associated with the separate inversions of the individual geophysical datasets.

Joint Inversion of Direct Current and Electromagnetic Soundings

Henry Ekene Ohaegbuchu , Boniface Ikechukwu Ijeh , Marry Ihechiluru. Ojiaku — Wed, 15 Mar 2023 00:00:00 -0400

Authors: Henry Ekene Ohaegbuchu, Boniface Ikechukwu Ijeh and Marry Ihechiluru. Ojiaku

Received: 14 September 2022/Accepted 11 March 2023

Application of an Organic Coagulant (Polydialdimethylammonium Chloride) for the Treatment of Water from Otuoke, OX-Bow and Swalli Rivers in Bayelsa State

*Richard A. Ukpe — Sun, 22 Jan 2023 00:00:00 -0500

Communication in Physical Sciences, 2023, 9(1): 1-11

Richard Alexis Ukpe and Idongesit Ignatius Udo
Received: 18 September 2022/Accepted 20 December 2022

The effectiveness of polydialdimethylammonium (PDC) as a coagulant in the improvement of chloride the physicochemical quality of water from Otuoke, Ox-bow and Swalli Rivers was investigated concerning temperature, phenolphthalein/total alkalinity, turbidity, pH and hardness. These parameters were determined in the original samples and after treatment with PDC. The results obtained indicated higher efficiency at a higher period of contact, concentration, PDC’s dosage and temperature. However, the conductivity and pH were found to increase with an increase in temperature. The results obtained indicated that water samples from these Rivers can be modified by PDC

Regulatory Gene, aflaR Identification of Aflatoxigenic Moulds and total Aflatoxin estimation in Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua sold within Kaduna Metropolis

Joseph Reuben Wartu, Sani Sambo Datsuqwai Mohammed, John Idakwoji — Sat, 11 Mar 2023 00:00:00 -0500

Communication in Physical Sciences, 2023, 9(1):25-33

Authors: Joseph Reuben Wartu., Sani Sambo Datsuquai Mohammed., John Idakwoji and Tessy Bamai

Received: 26 November 2022/Accepted 25 February 2023/

Contamination of Digitaria sp by aflatoxigenic strains could pose a serious health threat to food safety. In this study, a design is made with the aim of screening and characterizingmoulds isolated from Digitaria iburua and Digitaria exilis sold within the Kaduna metropolis. Seventy samples of Digitaria sp were obtained from four outlets of some markets within the Kaduna metropolis. The proximate values were determined following standard procedures. Isolation and characterization of the moulds were done using standard techniques. Polymorphic technique and regulatory gene aflaR were employed to identify the aflatoxigenic moulds isolated from the samples. Analysis of the aflatoxin content of the samples was carried out using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. This research has recorded proximate values determined for Digitaria sp as follows: moisture content 6.90%, protein 11.10 %, ash 3.90 %, fats 3.9 %, and carbohydrate content 74.16 % for Digitaria iburua. Digitaria exilis presented a moisture content of 7.3 % while other proximate contents were protein (10.2%), ash (3.21%), fats (2.3%), and carbohydrate content (76.99%) %. The moulds; Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolinifer, Fusarium sp, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus niger, mucor sp and Penicillium sp were isolated from both Digitaria exilis and Digitaria exilis with Aspergillus flavus having the highest frequency of occurrence. The total viable mould count for each sample location ranged from 1.5X10³– 2.8X10³ CFU/g, 2.3X10³-3.1X10³ CFU/g, 2.6X10³-5.4X10³for Kawo, Sabo and Central markets respectively. Analysis of the total aflatoxin content of the seventy samples showed a prevalence of 16.7 %. There is a need to sensitize farmers and consumers on the occurrence of the toxin and also the need to develop a resistant variety is hereby advocated.

A Mathematical Model of Gang Membership and Control

Anorue, Onyinyechi Favour, Atuma, David Esther — Fri, 20 Jan 2023 00:00:00 -0500

Communication In Physical Science, 2023, 9(1): 12-24

Authors: Anorue, Onyinyechi Favour* and Atuma, David Esther

Received: 23 November 2022/Accepted 18 January 2023

There is an increasing growth in gang membership worldwide and especially our nation Nigeria, this prompted the study as a means to contribute to the social stability of the country. We considered gang membership as an infectious disease that spreads through out a given population. We formulated a modified SEIR model to look into the transmission dynamics of gang by bringing into consideration, control techniques as measures to reduce the spread and activities of gang members. In analyzing the model, we proved that the disease free-equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable when the reproduction number and unstable when The transmission pattern shows that investments in job provisions, technical crafts and programs geared towards recreation and other after-school activities factored into a compartment continues to be the best resource in curbing gang membership and its activities considering from rehabilitation point of view in the numerical simulation.