Bleaching Potentials of Local, Foreign and Regenerated Bleaching Earth: Comparative Study
Keywords:
Regeneration, edible oil, spent bleaching earth, local bleaching, bleaching earthAbstract
Communication in Physical Sciences, 2022, 8(4):626-633
Siaka Abdulfatai Adabara*, Lucky Evelyn Annaand Salihu Takuma
Received: 27 November 2022/Accepted 28 December 2022
The deposition of spent earth causes environmental pollution, which affects the quality of life. In this work, the bleaching of vegetable oil was carried out using three different bentonite samples (foreign, local and regenerated bentonites), at varying temperatures. The optimum bleaching temperature was 90 0C with 90 %, 60 % and 63 % colour removal for 2 %(w/w) foreign, local and regenerated bleaching earth respectively. Therefore, local and regenerated bleaching earth that competes fairly well with foreign bentonite, has the potential to reduce environmental pollution from huge importation by industries. Most importantly, it is anticipated that the regeneration of spent bleaching clay in the edible oil refining industries would greatly contribute to reducing environmental pollution problems and saving costs.
Downloads
References
Al-Zahrani, A. A. & Alhamed, Y. A. (1995). Regeneration of spent bleaching clay and oil recovery by solvent extraction and acid treatment. Proceedings, Eleventh International Conference in Solid Waste Technology and Management, Nov. 12-15, Philadelphia, USA.
Al-Zahrani, A. A. & Alhamed, Y. A. S. (1996). Regeneration and Utilization of Spent Bleaching Clay from Saudi Edible Oil Refining Industry. Final report, submitted to King Abdulaziz. Centre for Science and Technology.
Alhamed, Y. A. S. & Al-Zahrani A. A. (1998). A Model for the Extraction of Oil from Spent Bleaching Clays”, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 23, 2B, pp. 165-176.
Alhamed Y. A. & Al-Zahrani A. A. (2002). Regeneration of spent bleaching clay used in edible oil refining in Saudi Arabia The 6th Saudi Engineering Conference, KFUPM, Dhahran, December 2002 Vol. 2.
Coulson & Richardson (2002). Chemical Engineering Design Particle Technology and Separation Processes. Vol. 2. 5th Edition, pp 9 70 – 994.
Foletto, E. L. Alves, C. C. A. Sganzerla L. R. Porto & L. M. (2002). Regeneration and utilization of spent bleaching clay. Latin American Applied Research, 32, 2, pp. 205-208.
Kheang. L. S., Foon, C. S., May, C. Y. & Ah Ngan, M. (2006). A Study of residual oils recovered from spent bleaching earth: their characteristics and applications. American Journal of Applied Sciences3, 10, pp. 2063-2067.
Lim B. P., Maniam G. P., & Abd Hamid S. (2009)c Biodiesel from adsorbed waste oil on spent bleaching clay using CaO as a heterogeneous Catalyst. European Journal of Scientific Research, 33, 2, pp. 347-357.
Makhoukhi, M. A., Didi, D., &Villemin A. A. (2009). Acid Activation of Bentonite for use as a vegetable oil bleaching agent. Grasas y Aceites, doi: 10.3989/gya. 108408
Nursulhatimarsyila, A W. Cheah K. Y., Chuah T. G., Siwe W. L., & Choong T. S. Y. (2010). Deoiling and regeneration efficiencies of spent bleaching clay. Journal of Applied Sciences 7, 3, pp. 434-437.
Oyem II., & Henry, (2011). Monitoring the free fatty acid level of edible oil store under light of different wavelengths. American Journal of Food Technology,6, pp. 701-704.
Wambu, E. W. Muthakia, G. K., Shiundu, P. M. & Thiongo, K. J (2009). Kinetics of Copper Desorption from Regenerated Spent Bleaching Earth. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 4 (4): 317-323, IDOSI Publications.
W. U. Zhanshenge, L. I., Chun, S. U. N., Xifang, X. U. Xiaolin, D. A. I., Bin, L. I., Jin’e & Hongsheng Z. H. A. O. (2006). Characterization, acid activation and bleaching performance of bentonite from Xinjiang. Chinese Journal, Chemical Engineering, 14, 2, pp. 253-258.
Yuanfa L., Jianhua, H. & Xingguo W. (2008) Adsorption isotherms for bleaching soybean oil with activated attapulgite JAOCS. Journal of the American Oil Chemists: Society.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal and Author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.