Resource Recovery from Maize Wastes; Synthesis and Characterization of Silicon Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

This study presents a preliminary evaluation of maize comb waste as a precursor for the synthesis of bio-silicon oxide nanoparticles (SiONPs). Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for various applications, and SiO₂ nanoparticles have garnered significant interest due to their unique properties. However, conventional synthesis methods often involve high energy consumption and the use of toxic chemicals, raising environmental concerns. In this context, exploring eco-friendly precursors is essential for sustainable nanoparticle synthesis. Maize comb waste, a readily available agricultural byproduct rich in silica, was investigated as a potential precursor for SiONP synthesis. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of utilizing this waste material to produce SiONPs in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. The synthesized SiONPs exhibited a wavelength of maximum absorption at 310 nm, indicating SiONPs in the ultraviolet range. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, with an average crystallite size of 12.75 nm. The lattice microstrain ranged from 0.0018 to 0.0048, indicating slight variations across different crystallographic planes. Porosity analysis revealed an average porosity of 0.71%, indicating microporous characteristics suitable for various applications. Remarkably, the packing density of the synthesized SiONPs was found to be 1, suggesting a densely packed structure with minimal void space between nanoparticles. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis showed a surface area of 108.395 m²/g, pore volume of 569.30 m³, and pore size of 2.88 nm. The nanoparticle diameter calculated from BET parameters was 13.62 nm, indicating microporous characteristics. The results demonstrate the potential of maize comb waste as a sustainable precursor for SiONP synthesis, offering insights into green nanotechnology practices and the utilization of renewable resources for nanomaterial synthesis.