Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Aquifer Characteristics using Inverted Resistivity and Pumping Test Data within Lokoja Area, North-central Nigeria
Keywords:
Groundwater potential, VES, Dar Zarrouk Parameters, Hydraulic Conductivity, NigeriaAbstract
Communication in Physical Sciences, 2023, 9(3):336-349
Authors: Kizito O. Musa*, Jamilu B. Ahmed*, Fabian A. Akpah, Ernest O. Akudo, Ikenna A. Obasi, Solomon S. Jatto, Andrew C. Nanfa, Jacob B. Jimoh
Received: 12May 2023/Accepted 08 July 2023
Aquifer potential were evaluated within Lokoja and environs with the aim of estimating their hydraulic parameters from resistivity and pumping test data. Twenty-six (26) vertical electrical sounding (VES) and eight (8) pumping test data were obtained and utilized for this purpose. The results of the analysis indicate that the area is underlain by five (5) geoelectric sections which have been interpreted as the topsoil, lateritic clay, sandy-clay/weathered/ fractured basement complex rocks (aquiferous units), and clay/fresh basement complex rocks for the sedimentary and basement portions respectively. The resistivity and thickness of these lithologic units are; the topsoil (10.8 – 407.7 Ωm; 0.7 –17.5 m), lateritic clay (1.1 – 1488.5 Ωm; 2.2 – 42.0 m), sandy-clay/weathered/ fractured basement (10.4 – 3,595.6 Ωm; 5.2 – 82.6 m), clay/fresh basement (3.2 – 3,844.2 Ωm; 4.5 – 23.4 m). The resistivity of the aquifer zone indicates that the southeastern to the northwestern portion of the study area has higher groundwater potential than the other portions. The aquifer thickness is higher in the southern portion compared to the rest of the study area. Depth to the aquifer is higher in the northern and parts of the southern portions. Transmissivity (7.605 – 721.648 m2/day) and permeability (0.423 – 45.103 m/day) values support the view that the southeastern portion is most prolific for groundwater exploration in the study area. The Longitudinal conductance (0.013 – 1.600 mho-m), and the transverse resistance (119.0 – 29,710.7 Ωm2) values suggest that the area has a poor – good vulnerability index. The fracture contrast (0.040-22.430) and reflection coefficient (-0.902-0.915) indicate that the water-filled fractures occur mostly in the southern part of the study area. The study highlighted the efficacy of the VES data in estimating aquifer hydraulic parameters and hence is recommended in areas with no available pumping test data.
Downloads
References
Acheampong, S.Y. & Hess J.W. (1998). Hydrogeologic and hydrochemical framework of the shallow groundwater system in the southern Voltaian sedimentary basin. Hydrogeology Journal, 6, pp. 527- 537.
Adeleye, D.R. (1973). Origin of ironstones: an example from the Mid-Niger Basin, Nigeria. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 43, pp. 709–727.
Ahmed II, J. B., Salisu, A., Pradhan, B. & Alamri, A.M. (2020). Do Termitaria indicate the presence of groundwater? A case study of hydrogeophysical investigation on a land parcel with termite activity. MDPI Insects, 11, 11, https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110728
Ajakaiye, D. E. (1989). A gravity survey over the Nigerian Younger Granite Province. Geology of Nigeria (Ed. C.A. Kogbe). Elizabethan Publ. Co. Lagos 227-244.
Akpan, A. E., George, N. J. & George, A. M. (2009). Geophysical investigation of some prominent gully erosion sites in Calabar, southeastern Nigeria and its implications to hazard prevention. Disaster Adv. 2, 3, pp. 46–50.
Anomohanran, O. (2013). Geophysical investigation of Groundwater Potential in Ukelegbe, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences 13, pp. 119-125.
Anomohanran, O. (2014). Assessment of groundwater potential and aquifer characteristics in the vicinity of Igun, Eku and Oria in delta state, Nigeria. J. Water Resource Protect. 6, pp. 731-803.
Braide, S.P. (1992). Geological development, Origin and energy mineral resources Potential of Lokoja Formation in the Southern Bida Basin. Journal of Mining and Geology, 28, pp. 33–44.
Cooper, H. H. & Jacob, C. E. (1946). A generalized graphical method for evaluating formation constants and summarising well field history. Am. Geophys. Union Trans. 2, pp. 526-534.
Demirel, M. C., Mai, J., Mendiguren, G., Koch, J., Samaniego, L. & Stisen, S. (2018). Combining satellite data and appropriate objective functions for improved spatial pattern performance of a distributed hydrologic model. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 22, pp. 1299-1315.
Egbai, J. C. (2011). Vertical Electric Sounding for the Determination of Aquifer Transmissivity. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5, pp. 1209-1214.
Fashae, O. A., Tijjani, M. N., Talabi, A. O. & Adedeji, O. I. (2014). Delineation of groundwater potential zones in the crystalline basement terrain of SW-Nigeria: An integrated GIS and Remote Sensing Approach. Applied Water Science, 4, pp. 19-38.
Graham, M. T., O’Dochartaigh, B. E., Ball, D.F. & MacDonald, A. M. (2009). Using transmissivity, specific capacity and borehole yield data to assess the productivity of Scottish aquifers. Q J Eng Geol Hydrol., 42, pp. 227–235.
Ige, O. O., Obasaju, D. O., Baiyegunhi, C., Ogunsanwo, O. & Baiyegunhi, T. (2018). Evaluation of aquifer hydraulic characteristics using geoelectrical sounding, pumping and laboratory tests: A case study of Lokoja and Patti Formations, Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria. De Gruyter Open Geosci. ,10, pp. 807-820.
Imasuen, O. I., Olatunji, J. A. & Onyeobi, T.U.S. (2013). Geological observations of basement rocks, around Ganaja, Kogi State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Geology and Mining, 3, 2, pp. 57-66.
King, L. C. (1950). Outline and distribution of Gondwanaland. Geological magazine, 87, pp. 353-359.
Kogbe, C. A. (1989). Geology of Nigeria. 2nd Ed, Rockview Limited, Jos, Nigeria, pp. 112-195.
Krasny, J. (1993). Classification of Transmissivity Magnitude and Variation. Groundwater, 31, 2, pp. 230-236.
MacDonald, A. M., Bonsor, H. C., Dochartaigh, B. E. O. & Taylor, R. G. (2012). Quantitative map of groundwater resource in Africa. Environ Res Lett ., 7, 024009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009
Maillet, R. (1947). The fundamental equations of electrical prospecting. Geophysics, 12, pp. 529-556.
Musa, O. K., Schoeneich, K. (2011). Estimate of Groundwater Resources, Water Demand and water Supply to Lokoja Metropolis, Kogi State, Central Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Social Science, 22, 2, pp. 68-79.
Musa, O. K., Ogbodo, D. A., Jatto, S. S. & Kudamnya, E. A. (2013). Evaluation of Groundwater Potential of Crystalline Basement Area of Kogi State Polytechnic, Osara Campus, North-Central Nigeria using Electrical Resistivity Method. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 3, 9, pp. 171-183.
Niwas, S. & Singhal, D. C. (1981). Estimation of aquifer transmissivity from Dar-Zarrouk parameters in porous media. J Hydrol., 50, pp. 393–399.
Niwas, S., Gupta, P. K. & de Lima, O. A. (2006). Nonlinear electrical response of saturated shaley sand reservoir and its asymptotic approximations. Geophysics, 71, 3, pp. 129 -133.
Obaje, N.G. (2009). Geology and Mineral Resources of Nigeria. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York, pp. 23-36.
Obasi, I. A., Onwa, N. M. & Igwe, E. O. (2021). Application of the resistivity method in characterizing fractured aquifer in sedimentary rocks in Abakaliki area, southern Benue Trough, Nigeria. Environmental Earth Sciences, 80, 1, pp. 1-17.
Obiora, D. N., Ibuoti, J. C. & George, N. J. (2016). Evaluation of aquifer potential, geoelectric and hydraulic parameters in Ezza North, southeastern Nigeria, using geoelectric Sounding. Int J Environ Sci. Technol., 13, pp. 435–444.
Odigi, M. I. (2000). Geochemistry and Geotectonic setting of Migmatitic Gneiss and Amphibolites in the Okene- Lokoja area south western Nigeria. J. Min Geol., 38, pp. 81-89.
Ojo, O. J. (1992). Petroleum geology and sedimentology of Patti formation, Bida Basin, Nigeria. Unpublished MSc. Thesis, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, pp. 50-75.
Oladapo, M. I., Mohammed, M. Z., Adeoye, O. O. & Adetola, B. A. (2004). Geoelectrical Investigation of the Ondo State Housing Corporation Estate, Ijapo Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. J. of Min. and Geol., 40, 1, pp. 41–48.
Olayinka, A. I., Obere, F. O. & David, L. M. (2000). Estimation of longitudinal resistivity from Schlumberger sounding curves. J Min Geol., 36, 2, pp. 225–242.
Omali, A. (2014). Hydrogeophysical Investigation for Groundwater in Lokoja Metropolis, Kogi State, Central Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Geology, 6, 1, pp. 81-95.
Orellana, E. & Mooney, H. (1966). Master tables and curves for VES over layered structures. Interciencia, Madrid.
Oseji, J. C. E., Okolie, E. C. & Ese, E. C. (2018). Investigation of the aquifer protective capacity and groundwater quality around some open dumpsites in Sapele Delta State, Nigeria. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 3, pp. 1-18.
Raji, W. O. & Abdulkadri, K. A. (2020). Quantitative estimates of groundwater hydraulic parameters in non-sedimentary aquifers North Central Nigeria. J Afr Earth Sci., 172, pp. 1–11.
Rubin, Y. & Hubbard, S. (2005). Hydrogeophysics. Springer, Netherlands, Water and Science Technology Library, pp. 50, 523.
Sunmonu, L. A., Adagunodo, T. A., Olafisoye, E. R. & Oladejo, O. P. (2012). The groundwater potential evaluation at industrial estate Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria. RMZ – Materials and Geoenvironment, 59, 4, pp. 363-390.
Turner, D. C. (1983). Upper Proterozoic schist belts in Nigerian Sector of the Pan-African Province of the West Africa. Precamb. Res. 21, pp. 55-79.
Zohdy, A.A.R., Eaton, G.P. & Mabey, D.R. (1974). Application of surface geophysics to groundwater investigations. In USGS-TWRA, Book 2; US Geological Survey: Reston, VA, USA.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal and Author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
