Determination of pH and Hydroquinone Concentration in Selected Bleaching Creams Used By Some Students Of Delta State University Abraka

Abstract

The study was aimed at evaluating the pH and the concentration of hydroquinone in selected skin bleaching creams used by some students in Delta State University Abraka to ascertain their safety. Seven different bleaching cream samples obtained from the students were used for the experiment. The pH was determined using a calibrated pH meter while the concentration of the hydroquinone was detected using a UV spectrophotometer. From the results obtained, three samples; recorded pH of 4.11, 5.70 and 6.20 respectively which fell outside the pH range of the skin. However, the other four samples, BCS 1, BCS 3 BCS 5 and BCS 7 recorded pH of 5.30, 4.53, 5,20 and 4.90 respectively and fell within the pH range of the skin. The concentrations of hydroquinone in the seven samples analysed, ranged from 1.00% to 2.15% with only one of the samples, BCS 2. having a concentration of 2.15% that is above WHO regulation. However, two of the samples, BCS 1 and BCS 5 did not record any concentration of hydroquinone in them even though they were skin bleaching creams. While 86% of the bleaching creams analysed pose no safety threat concerning hydroquinone concentration, 43% of the bleaching creams pose safety concerns as they recorded pH outside the acid mantle (pH range of the human skin). It was therefore recommended that regulatory bodies should ensure that manufacturers adhere to standard practices.