Application of Moringa oleifera as a Natural Coagulant for the Treatment of wastewater from Bakery and Brewery Industries in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Authors

  • Itoro U. Okon Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, P. M. B. 1200, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • Eteyen A. Uko Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, P. M. B. 1200, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • Aniebiet M. Essien Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, P. M. B. 1200, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
  • Rachel S. Okon Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, P. M. B. 1200, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • H. H. Oronubong Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, P. M. B. 1200, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Keywords:

Brewery, bakery, wastewater, bacteriological and physicochemical analysis, treatment, Moringa oleifera

Abstract

Communication in Physical Sciences, 2021, 7(4):263-277

Authors: Itoro U. Okon., Eteyen A.Uko., Aniebiet M.  Essien, Rachel S.  Okon. and H. H. Oronubong

Received: 27 October 2021/Accepted 05 December 2021

The use of Moringa oleifera as a natural coagulant for the treatment of bakery and brewery industrial wastewater was carried out using microbiological, phytochemical and physicochemical methods. The mean bacterial count obtained from the brewery wastewater ranged from 4.1 x 105 to 5.3 x 105 cfu/ml, The  mean coliform count ranged from 2.2 x 104 to 3.1 x 104cfu/ml, while the mean fungal count ranged from 3.9 x 10to 4.1 x 104cfu/ml Wastewater from the bakery had a mean bacterial count that ranged from3.9 x 105 to 4.2 x 105cfu/ml and the  coliform count which ranged from 3.8 x104 to 6.3 x 104cfu/ml. There was a significant different (P > 0.05) between the microbial counts of the wastewater samples from the two sources. The mean bacterial count for brewery wastewater pre-treated with charcoal ranged from 3.0 x 105 to 3.9x105cfu/ml, mean coliform count ranged from 2.0 x 105 to 2.9 x 104cfu/ml, and mean fungal count ranged from 3.8 x 104 to 3.9 x 104 cfu/ml. The mean bacterial, coliform count  and fungal counts of the bakery wastewater after pre-treatment with charcoal were within the following range, wastewater 3.7 x 105 to 4.0 x 105cfu/ml, 3.6 x 105 and 6.0 x105cfu/ml,  and  3.0 x105 and 3.2 x 105cfu/ml. The microbial isolates obtained from the brewery, bakery, charcoal filtered brewery, and bakery wastewater occurrence were; Bacillus sp, Enterobacter sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus sp, Aspergillus sp, and Fusarium sp, Lactobacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Penicillium sp, Staphylococcus aureus 3(8.3%), Staphylococcus sp, Saccharomyces sp, and Rhizopus sp. Results obtained from physicochemical analysis showed values for Physiochemical analyses showed  : COD (0.38 ± 0.01 mg/L),  (22.30 ± 0.11 °C), turbidity( 843 ± 0.20 NTU), DO (4.49 ± 0.01 mg/L), BOD (0.29 ± 0.01 mg/L) and  pH (4.68 ± 0.10)  for bakery wastewater,  while the corresponding values for  wastewater from the  brewery  industry were  0.23 ± 0.02 mg/L,  8.01 ± 0.08 °C, 10.13 ± 0.03 NTU, 2.40 ± 0.01 mg/L, 0.13 ± 0.03 mg/L and 5.83 ± 0.30 respectively.  Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, cardiac glycoside, .flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, and tannins. Terpenes were present in the seed while it was not detected in the flowering part. The treatment of the wastewater with, M. oleifera ground seed inhibited bacterial load in bakery wastewater but the inhibition for brewery wastewater started at 100 mg, and the ground flower inhibited from 150mg

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Author Biographies

Itoro U. Okon, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, P. M. B. 1200, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Department of Science Technology,  School of Applied Sciences

Eteyen A. Uko, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, P. M. B. 1200, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Department of Science Technology,  School of Applied Sciences

Aniebiet M. Essien, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, P. M. B. 1200, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Department of Science Technology, School of Applied Sciences

Rachel S. Okon, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, P. M. B. 1200, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Department of Science Technology,  School of Applied Sciences

H. H. Oronubong, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, P. M. B. 1200, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Department of Science Technology, School of Applied Sciences

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Published

2021-12-15