Spatial Variability of key climate and air quality parameters across some Nigerian cities

Abstract

This study explores the spatial variability of key climate and air quality parameters across Nigerian cities from 1979 to 2024, emphasizing the significance of regional fluctuations in environmental stability. Spatial variability serves as a vital tool for identifying areas of climatic and air quality instability, offering critical insights for environmental management and policy formulation amidst escalating climate change and urbanization. Through comprehensive analysis of rainfall, air temperature, and PM2.5 concentration data, the research highlights distinct patterns of inter-annual fluctuations and their underlying drivers. Regions such as Sokoto and Kano demonstrate high rainfall and temperature variability, posing challenges for agriculture and water resource management. Conversely, coastal cities like Port Harcourt and Uyo exhibit more stable rainfall and air quality patterns, supporting sustainable livelihoods. The variability in PM2.5 levels underscores the influence of industrial activities, traffic emissions, and seasonal winds, with Port Harcourt and Kano experiencing significant fluctuations. These findings underscore the importance of high-resolution data, advanced analytical techniques, and interdisciplinary approaches in addressing environmental variability. Understanding these spatial patterns is essential for developing resilient and adaptive strategies that safeguard ecological and human health in Nigeria’s dynamic climate landscape.