GCMS and FTIR Spectroscopy Characterization of Luffa Cylindrica Seed Oil and Biodiesel Produced from the oil
Keywords:
Luffa cylidrica seed oil, biodiesel, transesterification, characterizationAbstract
Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(3): 378-390
Authors: Godwin J. Udo, Usoro M. Etesin, Joachim J. Awaka-Ama, Aniedi E. Nyong, Emaime J. Uwanta
Received 25 April 2020/Accepted 04 July 2020
The need for replacement of fossil fuel with more efficient fuels that are eco-friendly and renewable (biodiesel) was the basis for the present study. Luffa cylindrica seed oil (LCSO) was extracted through solvent extraction using petroleum ether as a solvent between 60 and 80 C The produced oil was used for the production of biodiesel (LCBD) via two-stage transesterification
. The percentage yield of the extracted oil and biodiesel were 17.3 and 18.8 % respectively. The physico-chemical properties were within ASTM recommended values, indicating a quality fuel production. GC-MS chromatograms of LCSO and LCBD indicated the presence of acridine,9-anilino acid, 11-octadecanoic acid, (methyl ester), methyl stearate and benz (a) anthracene, 6,7,12-trimethyl, 15-octadecanoic acid, methyl ester, methyl stearate, eicosanoic acid, serine methyl ester, and N-[2-oxo-4-phenylbutyryl]. Also, IR spectroscopy analyses of LCSO and LCBD revealed the presence of O-H, C-H, C=O, O-C, =C-H and C-N in LCSO and N-H, O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O, C-N, =C-H stretches in LCBD. The study drew results and findings and concluded that Luffa cylindrica
seed oil is an excellent feed stock for the production of biodiesel.
Downloads
References
Adeniyi, O. A. & Isiaka, A. A. (2013). Chemical composition and biodiesel production from snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina) seeds.
International Journal of Science and Research,2,1, pp.41-45.
Adedoyinsola, A., Linus N. O., Bolade, A., & Wan JinJahng, M.Y. (2016). Synthesis and analysis of biodiesel from oils of Luffa cylindrica Seeds, Hyphaene thebaica seeds and palm kernel. Research Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, 4, 4, pp. 29-36.
Adewale, A., Rotimi, A.O., Rao, B. K., Prasad, R. N. & Anjaneyulu, B.(2012). Blighia unijugata and Luffa cylindrica Seed Oils: Renewable
Sources of Energy for Sustainable Development in Rural Africa. Bio Energy Research, 5, 3, pp.713–718.
Abayeh, O. M., Garba, I. H., Adamu, H. M. & Abayeh, O. J. (2013). Quality Characteristics of Luffa aegyptiaca seed oil. International Journal
of Scientific and Engineering Research, 4, 4, pp.11-16
Audu, T. O. K., Aluyor, E. O., Egualeona, S., Momoh, S. S. (2013). Extraction and characterization of Chrysophyllum albidum and Luffacy lindrica seed oils. Petroleum Technology Development Journal, 3, 1,pp.1595-9104.
ASTM D7371-14, Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014, www.astm.org ASTM D93: Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, West Conhohocken, 2000.
Babalola, R., Omoleye, J. A. & Hymore, F.K, (2014), Development of Industrial Grade Zeolite Y from Nigeria clay. Proceedings of
the 1st Nigeria International conference on Zeolite, 3, pp. 24-28
Bamgboye, A. I. & Oniya, O. O. (2012). Fuel properties of loofah (Luffa cylindrica L.) biofuel blended with diesel. African Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, 6, 8, pp. 346-352
Canakci, M. & Van G. J. (2001b). Biodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids. Transactions of the ASAE, 44, 6,
pp.1429–1436
Fernando, T., Felipe de Jesús, H., Juan, C. C. & Rogelio, S. (2018). Kinetics of transesterification processes for biodiesel production. bioofuels: State of Development, DOI:10.5772/intechopen.75927
Gafar, M. K., Itodo, A. U., Warra, A. A., Wyasu1, G. & Usman, J. (2012). Physicochemical, Cold Saponification and GC-MS Analysis of Sponge
Gourd (Luffa cylindrica Linn.) Seed Oil, 3, 2,pp.98-107
Ghadge, S. V. & Raheman, H. (2005). Biodiesel production from mahua oil having high free fatty acids. Biomass and Bioenergy. 28, pp.
-605
Hanny, J. B. & Hirata, S. (2008). Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha curcas L. seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids.
Bioresources Technology, 99, pp. 1716-1721
Hamed, M. E., Ruihong, Z. & Roberto, AvenaBustillos, J. (2008). A two-step process for biodiesel production from salmon oil.
Biosystems Engineering, Elsevier Ltd, pp. 22– 227.
Itania, P. S., Thais, F. R., Rita, C., Pereira, C., Claudio G. & Isabel, C. P. F. (2011). Determination of biodiesel adulteration with raw vegetable oil from ATR- FTIR data using chemometric tools. Journal of Brazilian Chemical Society, 22, 7, pp.1229-1235.
Ika, A.K., Muhammad, Y., Danu, A., Philippe, E. & Luc, R. (2013). Biodiesel production from jatropha seeds: Solvent extraction and in situ
transesterification in a single step. Fuel, 106, pp. 111-117.
Kumar, V. and Kant, P. (2013). Study of Physical and Chemical Properties of Biodiesel from Sorghum Oil. Research Journal of Chemical
Sciences, 3, 9, pp.64-68.
Okure, U. E., Dagde K. K. & Ukpaka, C. P. (2018) Examination on Characterization of Oil Extracts from Luffa Cylinderica and Hura
Creptian Seeds. Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 5, 5, pp.185-192.
Oli, C. C., Onuegbu, T. U. & Ezeudu, E.C. (2014). Proximate composition, characterization and spectroscopic analysis of Luffa aegyptiaca
Seed. International Journal of life Sciences Biotechnology and pharma Research, 3, 4, pp.194-200
Onyegbule, F. A., Okoye, C. I., Chukwuwejim, C. R. & Eze, P. M. (2018). Evaluation of Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and
antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts of Luffa cylindrica Journal of Health Sciences, 8, 2, pp. 101-109.
Ramadhas, A. S., Muraleedharan, C. & Jayaraj S. (2005). Performance and emission evaluation of a diesel engine fuelled with methyl esters of rubber seed oil. Renewable Energy. Elsevier Science Limited. Great Britain. 30, pp. 1789–1800.
Sangh, P., Amit, K., Neeraj, K .S. & Jha, K.K. (2012). Luffa cylinderica: An important medicinal plant. Scholars Research Library, 2, pp, 127-134.
Su, T. L., Lin, Y. W., Chou, T. C., Zhang, X., Bacherikov, V. A., Chen, C. H., Liu, L. F. & Tsai, T.J. (2006) Potent antitumor 9- anilinoacridines and acridines bearing an alkylating N-mustard residue on the acridine chromophore: synthesis and biological activity. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 49, 12, pp.3710
Usha, K. & Tilak, R. P. (2017). Characteristic and physicochemical properties of some oils. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 4, 4, pp.30-35.
Vicente, G., Coteron, A., Martinez, M. & Aracil, J. (1998). Application of the factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology to optimize biodiesel production industrial Crops and Products, Bioresource Technology, 8, 1, (1), 29–35.
Vicente, G., Martinez, M. & Aracil, J. (2004). Integrated biodiesel production: a comparison of different homogeneous catalysts systems.
Bioresource Technology, 92, 3, pp.297–305.
Qian, J., Wang, F., Liu, S. & Yun, Z. (2008) In situ alkaline transesterification of cottonseed oil for production of biodiesel and nontoxic cottonseed meal. Bioresour Technology; 99, 18, pp. 9009–9912.
Rodrigo, A. M., Flávio, A. B. & Matthieu, T. (2015). Correlation Between the Composition and Flash Point of Diesel-Biodiesel Blends. J.
Braz. Chem. Soc., 26, 2, pp. 393-395
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2010 The Journal and the author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
