Assessment of Surface Water Quality in Zaria Metropolis: Implications for Environmental Health and Sustainable Management
Keywords:
Water quality index, physicochemical parameters, Analysis of variance, CorrelationAbstract
Surface water bodies, including rivers, dams, and lakes, are integral to urban development and human life, supporting both urban residents and rural agricultural sectors. However, rapid population growth, urbanization, and industrialization have posed significant threats to water quality worldwide. Industrial discharges, in particular, contribute to water pollution, notably with toxic heavy metals. Assessing water quality involves monitoring various physicochemical parameters, which can be laborious and challenging. Therefore, this study employs statistical correlation analysis to understand the interrelationships among water quality parameters, aiming to simplify water quality assessment. Water samples were collected from Shika, Galma, and Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) dams in Zaria, Nigeria, and analysed for various parameters. Results showed that dissolved oxygen (DO) levels ranged from 1.37 to 3.67 mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ranged from 0.47 to 1.83 mg/L, and pH varied from 4.33 to 6.93 across different sampling points. Turbidity ranged from 65.27 to 152.20 NTU, total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 30.67 to 956.33 mg/L, and total suspended solids (TSS) ranged from 16.67 to 170.00 mg/L. Electrical conductivity (EC) varied from 62.97 to 1888.33 µs/cm, alkalinity (ALK) ranged from 14.00 to 28.00 mg/L, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 93.30 to 123.30 mg/L. Sulphate (SO4) concentrations ranged from 381.70 to 568.30 mg/L, nitrate (NO3-) ranged from 9.00 to 26.00 mg/L, and phosphate (PO4) ranged from 0.12 to 0.61 mg/L. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations among these parameters, indicating complex relationships within the aquatic ecosystem. Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences in water quality among sampling points, suggesting the influence of diverse pollution sources. Furthermore, the Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated to assess the overall water quality status, indicating poor to unfit conditions for consumption across the studied locations. These findings underscore the urgent need for effective water management strategies to safeguard surface water quality for current and future generations.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Uba Sani, Abdulkadir Ibrahim, Akande, Esther Oluwatoyosi, John, Oghenetega Mercy, Murtala, Mohammed Rumah, Assessment of Surface Water Quality in Zaria Metropolis: Implications for Environmental Health and Sustainable Management , Communication In Physical Sciences: Vol. 11 No. 3 (2024): VOLUME 11 ISSUE 3
Similar Articles
- Nwokem, Calvin Onyedika, Kantoma, Dogara , Zakka Israila Yashim , Zaharaddeen Nasiru Garba, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Adsorption of Pb2+ and Cr3+ from Petroleum Refinery Wastewater using Linde Type a Zeolite Nanoparticle. , Communication In Physical Sciences: Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023): VOLUME 10 ISSUE 3
- Yakubu Isa, Radiya Muhammad Said, Juliet Wallen Piapna, Abdulhaq Bashir, Development and Applications of the Type II Half-Logistic Inverse Weibull Distribution , Communication In Physical Sciences: Vol. 11 No. 4 (2024): VOLUME 11 ISSUE 4
- Ladidi M. Abu , Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) Tuber: A Sustainable Resource for Industrial Starch: A Review , Communication In Physical Sciences: Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024): VOLUME 11 ISSUE 2
- Theophilus Obijuru Nelson, Emmanuel John Ekpenyong, Assessing the Efficiencies of Calibration Ratio Estimators for Estimating Mean Weight of Babies in the Presence of Gestational Age Under Stratified Random Sampling , Communication In Physical Sciences: Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): VOLUME 12 ISSUE 1
- Chidumebi Uzoho, The Public Health Impact of Airborne Particulate Matter: Risks, Mechanisms, and Mitigation Strategies , Communication In Physical Sciences: Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): VOLUME 12 ISSUE 2
- Ifeoma Vivian Nwankwo, Mbajiuka Stella Chinenye, Lovina Odoemelam, Oluchi Maduka, Analysis of Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) Promoted Agrochemical use Among Women Farmers In Abia State , Communication In Physical Sciences: Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023): VOLUME 10 ISSUE 2
- Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle , Musa Runde, Valorization of an Agricultural Waste-Corncob: Investigation of Potassium Oxide from Corncob Ash Crystals as an Antiseptic and Disinfectant Agent , Communication In Physical Sciences: Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024): VOLUME 11 ISSUE 2
- Sunday Emmanson Udoh, Analysis of The Impact of Climate Change on Meteorological Time-Series Data in Uyo , Communication In Physical Sciences: Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): VOLUME 12 ISSUE 2
- Olalekan Lawrence Ojo, Famoriyo Olakunle Idris, On The Assessment of fade Depth and Geoclimatic Factor for Microwave Link Applications in Lagos, Nigeria , Communication In Physical Sciences: Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): VOLUME 12 ISSUE 2
- Abiodun Rasheed Omokanye, Benefit Onu, Populations of Derived-parasitic Nematodes on Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Cultivated Fields in Offa, Offa Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria , Communication In Physical Sciences: Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024): VOLUME 11 ISSUE 2
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.