Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals Assessment of Surface Water and Sediment from Issiet Ekim Stream in Uruan Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Physicochemical parameters, Heavy Metal, Water Quality Index, Standard Limits, correlationAbstract
Communication in Physical Sciences, 2023, 9(4): 607-617
Authors: Calvin Onyedika Nwokem*, Idongesit Bassey Anweting, Idongesit Edem Okon, and Nathaniel Oladunni
Received 03 July 2023/Accepted 18 September 2023
This work examined the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal of surface water and sediment of Issiet Ekim stream in Uruan Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Physicochemical parameters examined were temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), salinity as chlorine, total alkalinity and bi-carbonate. All the physicochemical parameters were within the standard limits except for pH (6.98) which is above the WHO limit (6.5-8.5). Heavy metals examined include Pb, Hg, Co, As, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn. Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (XplorAA GBS Model) was used for heavy metal analysis. The heavy metals concentration in the water descends with the following order: Zn > Fe > Mn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Pb> Cr > Co > Hg = As, similarly that of sediments flow in the order: Zn > Fe > Cu > Pb > Cd > Cr > Mn > Ni > Co, Hg = As. Most of the metals exhibited higher concentrations in sediment than in the surface water. The water quality index (WQI) concerning physicochemical properties was 17.5421 suggesting that the stream was safe for drinking and domestic usage as 17.5421 falls within the range of 0 - 25 classification, which signifies excellent water quality.
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