Comparative Study of Proximate and Elemental Composition of Banana Peels and Palm Bunch as Substitutes for Preparing Alkaline Ash for Domestic Consumption
Keywords:
Banana peels, palm bunches, elemental composition, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Abstract
Authors: Imeh J. Okop*, and Richard A. Ukpe
Received 26 January 2021/Accepted 02 April 2021
Potash is commonly used in numerous traditional dishes and is majorly prepared using limestone, which may be relatively scarce in some region. This study seeks to produced and analysed potash from banana peel and palm bunch in order to compare their proximate and elemental composition. The results of the analysis revealed that inorganic (ash) contents were 12.78, 21.40 and 18.60 mg/l for potash produced from banana peel, palm bunch and limestone. Corresponding values for fibre (3.65, 2.41, 18.60 mg/l), lipid (17.87, 16.50 and 13.56 mg/l), carbohydrate (5.23, 6.03 and 6.00 mg/l) and energy value (423.73, 387.26 and 342.28 J) were also estimated. The samples showed high concentration of calcium and potassium (which are essential elements), relatively low concentrations of iron and manganese (which are trace elements) and low concentrations of lead and cadmium, which are toxic metals. Although potash from banana peel and palm bunch waste displayed comparative nutrient and elemental functions, their usefulness maybe limited by the presence of heavy metals if not properly processed or checked.
Downloads
References
Adewuyi, G. O., Obi-Egbedi, N. O. & J.O. Babayemi, (2008). Evaluation of ten different African wood species for potash production. International Journal of Physical Science., 3, pp. 63-68.
Afrane, G., 1992. Leaching of caustic potash from cocoa husk ash. Bioresources Technology., 41: 101-104.
Akinmutimi, A. H., Ojewola, G. S., Abasiekong, S. F. & Onwudike, O.C. (2008). Evaluation of toasted, cooked and akanwu-cooked sword bean meal in place of soya bean meal in broiler starter diets. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7, pp. 480-484.
Aribido, S. O., Ogunmodede, B. K. & Lakpini, C. A.M. (2001), Nutritional assessment of Gwanwarasa‟ Type of Natural Potash (Kanwa), Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research, 6,3, pp. 27-30.
Babayemi, J. O., G.O. Adewuyi, K.T. Dauda & A.A.A. Kayode (2011). The ancient alkali production technology and the modern improvement: A review. Asian Journal of Applied Science, 4, pp. 22-29.
Babayemi, J.O,. Dauda, K.T, Nwude, D.O. & Kayode, A.A.A. 2010. Evaluation of the Composition and Chemistry of Ash and Potash from Various Plant Materials: A Review. Journal of Applied Sciences, 10, pp. 1820-1824.
Bankole J. K., Ngokere A. A., Ajibade O. M., Igunbor C. M. & Eloka C. C. V. (2015), Degenerating effects of potash (Kaun-K2CO4) on the kidney: Unabated continental challenge to human health in Nigeria. Annals of Biological Research, 2015, 6 (3) pp.12-17.
Eddy, N. O., Udofia, P. J. & Ukpong, I. J. (2004). The roles of leguminous plant in mineral nutrition. Published in the proceedings of the Chemical Society of Nigeria 27th International Conference (a supplement of the Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria), pp. 329-332.
Eddy, N. O. (2007). Applied statistics in designing special organic mixtures. Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 9, pp. 78-88.
Eddy, N. O. & Ukpong, I. J. (2006). Possible relationship existing between the distribution of electrolyte between soap and lye. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8, 1, pp. 60-64.
Eddy, N. O. & Ebenso, E. E. (2008). Adsorption and inhibitive properties of ethanol extract of Musa sapientum peels as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in H2SO4. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2, 6, pp. 1-9.
Eddy, N. O., Odoemelam, S. A. & Odiongenyi, A. O. (2008). Ethanol extract of Musa acuminate peel as an eco-friendly inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 2, 1, pp. 35-42.
Eddy, N. O. & Udoh, C. L. (2006). Introduction to Environmental Chemistry. Patom Press, Nigeria.
Hassan, H. F., Hassan, U. F., Usher, O. A., Ibrahim, A. B. & Tabe, N. N. (2018). Exploring the potentials of banana (Musa sapientum) peels in feed formulation. International Journal of Advanced research in Chemical Science, 5, 5, pp. 10-14.
Kevin, M.D., 2002. A primitive alkali: Potash. Caveman Chem. A. Sofowora (1982), Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in West Africa. JohnWiley and Sons, New York, USA.
Kostick, D. (2006). Mineral handbook. United State Geological Survey. P. 58.
Mikkelsen, Rob (2020) https://www.cropnutrition.com/resource-library/what-is-potash.
Nwoko, V.O. (1980). Chemical processing development. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers, (NSCE`80), Nigeria, pp. 40-53.
Ochei, K. C., Omeh, Y. N., Obeagu, E. I. & Obarezi, T. N. (2014), Effect of Potash on the Hearts of Rabbits, Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 9, pp. 33-37.
Okareh, O. T., Adeolu, A. T. & Adepoju, O. T. (2015), Proximate and mineral composition of plantain (Musa Paradisiaca) wastes flour; a potential nutrients source in the formulation of animal feeds, African Journal of Food Science and Technology., 6, 2, pp. 53-57.
Olabanji,I. O, Oluyemi, E. A. & Ajayi,O. S. (2012), Metal analyses of ash derived alkalis from banana and plantain peels (Musa spp.) in soap making, African Journal of Biotechnology 11, 99, pp. 16512-16518.
Olufemi, A. S., Olayebi, O. O. & Makpah, D. E. (2017). A novel process for the production of potash from ash: leaching technique. Journal of Advancement in Engineering and Technology, 5, 1, doi: 10.15297/JAET.V5I1.02.
Taiwo, A. A., Oluwadare, I., Shobo, A. O. & Amolegbe, S. A. (2008). Extraction and potential application of caustic potash from kolanut husk, ugwu pod husk and plantain peels, Scientific Research and Essay, 3,10, pp. 515-517.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2010 The Journal and the author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
