Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Vernonia Hymenolepis Analysis of the Solvent-Solvent Extract of Vernonia Hymenolepis Leaves
Keywords:
Vernonia hymenolepis, solvent-solvent partitioning, GC-MSAbstract
Communication in Physical Sciences, 2022, 8(4): 620-625
Edet O. Odokwo and 2Ngozi M. Uzoekwe
Received: 15 March 2022/Accepted 23 December 2022
The solvent-solvent extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the leaves of Vernonia hymenolepis has been carried out. The dried leaves were extracted using n-hexane and partitioned with absolute ethanol. The concentrated ethanol fraction, EVH was analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS instrumentation. The present study has identified thirty-one (31) phytoconstitutions in the volatile extract of Vernonia hymenolepis. 2-Methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol (3.16%); cis-verbenol (4.13%); 6-nonynoic acid (2.39%); 1H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2,5-di one, 4,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro- (4.91%); myo-Inositol, 4-C-methyl- (9.84%); ethanol, 2-phenoxy-, acetate (3.83%); cyclododecane (2.61%); 2-piperidinone, N-[4-bromo-n-butyl]- (3.52%); tetradecanoic acid (2.05%); hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (5.97%); n-hexadecanoic acid (9.85%); methyl stearate (2.83%); 1-nonadecene (4.97%); octadecanal (2.06%); tetracosane(3.81%); eicosane (2.85%); 2H-indol-2-one, 1,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy- (4.99%) and 1-octen-3-yne (2.07%) were identified as the major constituents.
Downloads
References
Al-Bahadily, D.C.H., Shari, F., Najm, M.A.A. & Salman, H.N.K. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of the compound 2-piperidinone, N-[4-bromo-n-butyl]- extracted from pomegranate peels. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 13,1, pp. 4653.
Dona, G., Sabbadin, C., Fiore, C., Bragadin, M., Giorgino, F.L. & Ragazzi, E. (2012). Inositol administration reduces oxidative stress in erythrocytes of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 166: 703-710.
Isawumi, M.A. (1993). New combinations in Baccharoides Moench (Vernoniae compositae) in West Africa.Feddes Repertorium 104, 5/6, pp: 309-326.
Jones, M. (2019). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. American Chemical Society, pp. 1-4.
Kokwaro, J.O. (1993). Medicinal plants of East Africa, 2nd Ed. Kenyan Literature Bureau, Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 401
Kontoangelos, K., Vaidakis, N., Zervas, I., Thomadaki, O., Smaragda, C.& Stavrianeas, N.G., (2010). Administration of inositol to a patient with bipolar disorder and psoriasis: a case report. Cases J., 3, pp. 1-3.
Kumar, S. & Ritika (2020). A brief review of the biological potential of indole derivatives. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6, pp.121.
Lubis, M. F., Hasibuan, P. A. Z., Syahputra, H,., Astyka, R. & Baruna, I. (2022). Phytochemical profile and pharmacological activity of Vernonia amygdalina delile stem bark extracts using different solvent extraction. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2022 Apr. 10, pp. 860-8666.
Nishino, H., Murakoshi, M., Masuda, M., Tokuda, H., Satomi, Y. & Onozuka., (1999). Suppression of lung and liver carcinogenesis in mice by oral administration of myo-inositol. Anticancer Res., 19, pp. 3663-3664.
Nowak, J., Kiss, A. K., Wambebe, C., Katuura, E. & Kuźma, Ł.(2022). Phytochemical Analysis of Polyphenols in Leaf Extract from Vernonia amygdalina Delile Plant Growing in Uganda. Appl. Sci., 12, 912. https://doi.org/10.3390/app1202091.
Odiongenyi, A. O., Odoemelam, S. A. & Eddy, N. O. (2009). Corrosion inhibition and adsorption properties of ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina for the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4. Portugaliae Electrochimica acta 27, 1, pp. 33-45.
Odokwo, E.O. & Onifade, M.S. (2020). Volatile constituents of the leaves and stem of Justicia secunda Vahl. Communication in Physical Sciences, 6,2, pp. 827- 834.
Okagu, I.U., Ngwu, U.E. & Odenigbo, C.J. (2018). Bioactive constituents of methanol extract of Xylopia aethiopica (UDA) fruits from Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Open Access Library Journal, 5, e4230.
Rheso, T., Shubharani, R., Roopa, M.S. & Sivaram, V. (2020). Chemical constitutents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Allium chinense G. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6, p.102.
Sonibare, O. O., Sonibare, M.A. & Adesanya, E.O. (2008). Essential Oil Composition of Vernonia amygdalina Del. From Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 12,1, pp. 55-58.
Sparkman, O.D., Penton, Z. & Kitson, F.G. (2011). Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry: A practical guide (2nd Ed.). Academic Press, Oxford, pp. 1-632
Uddin, S.J., Grice, D. & Tiralongo, E. (2012). Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of patriscabratine, and various flavonoids isolated from the Bangladeshi medicinal plant Acrostichum aureum. Pharmaceutical Biology, 50(10), pp. 1276-1280.
Ugbogu, E. A., Emmanuel, O., Dike, E. D., Agi, G. O., Ugbogu, O. C., Ibe, C. & Iweala, E. J. (2021). The Phytochemistry, Ethnobotanical, and Pharmacological Potentials of the Medicinal Plant-Vernonia amygdalina L. (bitter Leaf). Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccmp.2021.100006.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal and Author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
