Geochemical Characteristics of the Cretaceous Emewe–Efopa Coal in the Northern Anambra Basin of Nigeria
Keywords:
Emewe–Efopa coal, proximate, ultimate, calorific value, free swelling indexAbstract
Communication in Physical Sciences, 2020, 7(1): 14-17
Authors: Felix B. Fatoye*, Yomi B. Gideon and Joseph I. Omada
Received 05 February 2021/Accepted 20 February 2021
Geochemical analysis has been carried out on coal samples from Emewe–Efopa coal in the northern Anambra Basin of Nigeria. The study was carried out mainly to determine the geochemical characteristics of the coal and its industrial potentials. Results of proximate analysis indicated that the coal contains 12.63% moisture, 5.71 % ash, 46.65 % volatile matter and 35.01 % fixed carbon. Ultimate analysis results also revealed that the coal consists of 60.99 % carbon, 5.37 % hydrogen, 1.25 % nitrogen, 13.01 % oxygen, 1.06 % sulphur and 0.013 % phosphorus. The average heating value of the coal is 11,084 Btu/1b while its free swelling index was calculated at 0.0. The results led to the conclusion that the coal is only appropriate for electricity generation, heating boilers and ovens in industrial process heating, manufacturing organic chemicals and production of gas and automotive fuel.
Downloads
References
Adeleye, D. R. (1989). The geology of the mid-niger basin. In: Kogbe C. A. (ed) Geology of Nigeria, 2ndEdn. Elizabethan Publishing Co., Lagos, pp 283-287.
Akpabio, I. O. (1998). Thermal properties of Some Nigerian coals: Science Forum. Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 1, 87-92.
Akpabio, I. O., Chagga, M. M. & Jauro, A. (2008). Assessment of some Nigerian Coals for metallurgical applications. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization Engineering, 7, pp. 301-306.
ASTM (1987). Gaseous fuel; coal and coke. Petroleum products, Lubricants and Fossil Fuels. Easton, MD, USA., Vol 05.05, pp. 278 – 282.
ASTM (1992). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 5.50 Petroleum Products. Lubricants and Fossil Fuels.
Averitt, P. (1974). Coal Resources of the United States, U.S Geological Survey. Nigerian Coals; A resources for energy and investments, Raw Materials Research and Development Council, Abuja (RMRDC), 89 – 105.
Blackmore, G. (1979). Coal, parameters for the future procurement, contracting, and financing of coal for the electric utility industry. American Electric Power Service Corp. In Lancaster, Ohio. P. 200.
Bustin, R. M., Cameron, A. R., Greve, D. A. & Kalkreuth, W. D. (1985). Coal petrology. Its principles, methods and applications. Geological Association Canada. Short Course Notes. P. 230.
Chen, P. & Ma, J. (2002). Petrographic characteristics of Chinese coals and their applications in coal utilization processes. Fuel, 81, pp. 1389-1395.
De-Swardt, A. J. & Casey, O. P. (1963). The coal resources of Nigeria. Geological Survey of Nigeria Bulletin, 28, p. 100.
Diez, M. A., Alvarez, R. & Barriocanal, C. (2002). Coal for metallurgical coke production: production of coke quality and future requirements for coke making. International Journal of Coal Geology, 50, pp. 389-412.
Famuboni, A. D. (1996). Maximizing exploration of Nigeria’s coal reserves. In: Nigerian coals: A resource for energy and investments, Famuboni, A. D. (ed.). Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC), Abuja, Nigeria, pp. 39- 62.
Fatoye, F. B., Gideon, Y. B. & Omada, J. I. (2020). Maceral characterization of the cretaceous Effin – Okai coaldepositin northern Anambra Basin, Nigeria.Communication in Physical Sciences, 5, 3, pp. 223- 232.
Gray R. T., Goscinsky J. S. &Shoeberger R. W. (1978). Selection of coals for coke making. Paper Presented at Joint Conference for Iron and Steel Society (ISE) and Society for Mineral Engineering (AIME). Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, October 3.
Gunn, P., Gunn, A. & Mackenzie, H. (2012). Advanced coal science. Coal Marketing International Ltd.
Jensen, M. L. & Bateman, A. M. (1979). Economic mineral deposits. 3rd edition, revised printing. John Wiley & Sons. Inc. New York; Chapman and Hall, London, p. 593.
Kogbe, C. A. (1989). Geology of Nigeria, 2nd edition. Rockview Nigeria Ltd, Jos, p. 538.
Lowry, H. H. (1945). Chemistry of coal utilization, vols. 1 and 2. John Wiley, New York..
Nwajide, C. S. & Reijers, T. J. A. (1996). Sequence architecture in outcrops: examples from the Anambra Basin, Nigeria. NAPE Bull11,pp. 23–33.
Obaje, N. G. (1994). Coal petrography, microfossils and palaeo-environments of Cretaceous coal measures in the middle Benue Trough of Nigeria. Tubinger Mikropalaotonlogische Mitteilungen, 11:1 – 165.
Obaje, N. G. (1997). Petrographic evaluation of the coking potential of the Cretaceous Lafia-Obi coal deposits in the Benue Trough of Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology, 43, pp. 4-7.
Obaje, N. G., Ulu, O. K. & Petters, S. W. (1999). Biostratigraphic and geochemical controls of hydrocarbon prospects in the Benue Trough and Anambra Basin, Nigeria. NAPE Bulletin, 14, pp. 18-54.
Orajaka, I. P., Onwuemesi, G., Egboka, B. C. E. & Nwanfor, G. I. (1990). Nigerian coal. Mining Magazine,pp. 446-451.
Reyment, R. A. (1965). Aspects of the geology of Nigeria. University Press, Ibadan. P. 145.
Schobert, M. (1987). Coal: The energy source of the past and future. American Chemical Society, Washington, USA, pp. 188.
Sethi, A. (2014). Information on Raniganj coalfield. Important India. www.importantindia.com
Simpson, A. (1954). The Nigerian coalfield: The geology of parts of Owerri and Benue Provinces: Geological Survey of Nigeria. Bulletin 24, pp 1 – 85.
Spath, P. & Amos, W. (1995). Techno-economic analysis of hydrogen production from western coal augmented with CO2 sequestration and coal bed methane recovery. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 5.
Thomas, L. (2002). Coal geology. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ. United Kingdom. P. 384.
Umeji, O. P. (2005). Palynological study of the Okaba coal mine section in the Anambra Basin, Southern Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology. 41(2) pp. 194.
U.S. Energy Information Administration (2008). World coal production, most recent estimates 1980-2007, htt://www.ela.doe.gov/emeu/intern -al/coalproduction.html.
Warwick, P. D. & Hook, R. W. (1995). Petrography, geochemistry, and depositional setting of the San Pedro and Santo Tomes Coal Zones: Anomalous algae-rich coals in the middle part of the Claiborne Group (Eocene) of Webb County Texas. International Journal of Coal Geology, 28, 2, pp. 303-342.
Wendy, L. S. (2017). Sub-bituminous coal characteristics. Online.
Wessiepe, K. (1992). Present coke making capacities worldwide. Coke Making International. Vol 4 (Germany), pp. 11.
Zhao, Q., Niu, Y., Xie, Z., Zhang, K., Zhou, J. & Arbuzov, S. (2019). Geochemical characteristics of elements in coal seams 41 and 42 of Heshan coalfield, South China. Energy Exploration and Exploitation, 38, 1, pp. 137 – 157.
Zimmerman, R. E. (1979). Evaluating and testing the coking properties of coal. Miller Freeman Publication, San Francisco, p. 114.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2010 The Journal and the author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
